What are the types of toxicity testing?
William Smith Toxicity Testing
| Testing type | Species | Number of exposures |
|---|---|---|
| Acute lethality | Generally one, but potentially more (mice, rats, rabbits, etc.) | Single, typically high dose |
| Subacute | One or more | Several |
| Subchronic | Multiple | Repeated, usually daily exposures |
| Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity | Multiple | Repeated, usually daily exposures |
What is subchronic testing?
The Biocompatibility Subacute and Subchronic Toxicity test is used to discover the effects a material with repeat exposure would have on a patient, including any compound toxicity effects.
What is the LC50 test?
The LC50 and LC20 tests use multiple concentrations of material diluted in laboratory water and determines the concentration of that is lethal to 50% and 20% of the test fish respectively. Parallel testing with and without pH stabilization is recommended to demonstrate the presence of ammonia toxicity.
What is acute toxicity test?
Acute toxicity testing requires test materials to be given to animals for a finite but short period of time, usually as a single exposure. A test material can be administered by various routes to determine its ability to induce toxicity, including oral, dermal, and inhalation exposures.
What is preclinical toxicology?
Toxicity testing of new compounds is essential for drug development process. The preclinical toxicity testing on various biological systems reveals the species-, organ- and dose- specific toxic effects of an investigational product.
What is sub chronic?
Subchronic systemic toxicity is defined as adverse effects occurring after the repeated or continuous administration of a test sample for up to 90 days or not exceeding 10% of the animal’s lifespan.
What is meant by acute toxicity and LC50?
A common dose-response descriptor for acute toxicity is the LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%). This is a statistically derived dose at which 50% of the individuals will be expected to die. For inhalation toxicity, air concentrations are used for exposure values. Thus, the LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50%) is used.
What is acute toxicity category 4?
The four toxicity categories, from one to four are: Toxicity category I is Highly toxic and Severely irritating, Toxicity category II is Moderately toxic and Moderately irritating, Toxicity category III is Slightly toxic and Slightly irritating, Toxicity category IV is Practically non-toxic and not an irritant.
What are examples of acute toxicity chemicals?
Acute toxicity refers to the amount of damage caused by a chemical after a short-term exposure to a large dose of the chemical. For example, a person might accidentally swallow a tablespoon of rat poison. The effects caused by that accident would be described as the chemical’s acute toxicity.
What is an example of acute toxicity?
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours).
